General
The Unified Galactic Republic is a nation made up of the majority of the M110 galaxy. It was founded initially as the "Galactic Republic" on the planet of New Terra. The seat of government moved eventually to Heria, where the capital exists today. The Republic (as the government is often shortened as) has five major political parties, not to mention numerous smaller ones.
Structure
The UGR (Unified Galactic Republic) is made up of legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government. The bicameral legislature is commonly referred to as the "Congress", with the two houses being the Hall of Representatives and the Hall of the Senate. The executive branch is headed by one president, whose powers are checked by both the Congress and Judiciary.
The Judiciary is known as the "Galactic Supreme Court" and this branch of government upholds the Constitution of the UGR. The judges are also known to be the most proficient of their field, and are appointed by the incumbent president with confirmations held in the Hall of the Senate.
In addition to the three main branches of government, numerous Departments are set up by the president (in conjunction with the Congress) to regulate aspects of daily life for all citizens of M 110 galaxy.
The Legislature
The legislative branch is called the [Galactic] Congress. It is bicameral, meaning two houses are set up for mutual cooperation. The lower house is called the Hall of Representatives. Each planet sends four representatives irrespective of party to stand on behalf of citizens. The Hall of Representatives decides whether or not bills should be passed to the Hall of the Senate. Also, committees are set up to inspect fair workings of the government.
The Hall of the Senate, being the upper house, has more of a say in the passage of laws and appointments. Each member planet of the UGR must send two senators to represent them. As in the case of the Hall of Representatives, the Senate's members are of all different political parties. The Hall of the Senate can either approve or scrap bills that come from the Representatives. Any bill that is ratified to become a law must head over to the president to be signed (or vetoed).
The Executive Branch
The position of the executive branch is to ensure that a single president of the Republic can make unity despite political differences. Also, the president's role is to help the UGR's citizens feel rallied together during times of crisis. The president is elected by the citizens of the Republic, and has a single term of eight years. There can be no re-election whatsoever. The president may sign bills into law, or could also veto anything they deem unnecessary (in rare conditions, the Congress can override the president). The vice-president fills a small role, essentially serving as a "contingency plan" in case the incumbent president dies or is incapable of fulfilling their duty. The president can appoint justices to Republic courts, as well as directors of Executive/Congressional Departments.
The president is also the Chief-Superior of the armed forces. At any given time of crisis the president can utilize the military (for six months, until Congress needs to be involved) to their wishes. The president must seek Congressional approval for declaring war.
The Judiciary
The role of the Judiciary is to set new standards for interpretation of the Constitution of the Republic. The Galactic Supreme Court is made up of eleven justices, who decide on Congressional/Executive issues, and major cases that come from smaller courts in the galaxy. Most times, every Court decision is accepted as law. Smaller government courts (like those of the Regional and Appeals) are spread throughout the galaxy. Justices in all courts are appointed by the Executive (president), and confirmed by the Hall of the Senate.